Computer software🖥💻

 

                                                           Computer Software

1. What is a Computer?

A computer is a smart, electronic machine that runs on electricity. It takes data from us, processes it, and gives back useful results.The IPO CycleEvery computer works on a 3-step cycle called the Input-Process-Output (IPO) Cycle:

*Input:- Data or instructions we enter into the machine using a keyboard or mouse.

*Process:- The action done by the CPU to solve or arrange that data.

*Output:- The final result shown to us on the screen or printed on paper.

2. Hardware vs. Software

*A computer system is divided into two major groups: 

*hardware and software. 

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                     │     Computer System                                      |

                     │                                                                        |

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            ┌────────────────┴────────────────┐

            ▼                                 ▼

  ┌───────────────────┐             ┌───────────────────┐

  │     Hardware                                  |               │                Software                       │

  │ (Parts you touch)                          |               │         (Internal Progs)                   │

  └─────────┬─────────┘             └─────────┬─────────┘

                              │                                                                      │

          ┌──────┼──────┐                           ┌───────┴───────┐

        ▼                ▼                ▼                          ▼                                           ▼

   Input       Output      Storage                            System                         Application

  Devices  Devices    Devices                            Software                          Software

*Hardware:- The physical parts of a computer that you can see and touch.

*Software:- The set of invisible instructions or programs that make the hardware work.

3. Types of Hardware Devices

*Computer hardware components are grouped by their function:

*Input Devices:-These are used to enter data or commands into the computer.

*Keyboard:- Used for typing text and commands via its keys.

*Mouse:- A pointing device used to click and select items on the screen.

*Microphone:- Used to record sound and voice.

*Processing Device

*CPU (Central Processing Unit):- The brain of the computer. It processes data and controls all other parts. It has three units: the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU), and Memory Unit (MU).

*Output Devices

*These display the final result after processing is finished.

*Monitor:- A screen that displays images, videos, and typed text.Printer: Prints your digital work onto a real piece of paper (hard copy).

*Speakers:- Play music and voice alerts out loud.Storage DevicesThese save your data safely so you can open it later.Hard Disk: Located inside the CPU box to store huge files.

*Pen Drive:-A small, portable stick used to copy and move files between computers.

*CD / DVD:- Shiny round discs used to save movies, music, or data.

*Accessory Devices

*UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply):- Keeps the computer running for a few minutes when electricity suddenly goes out so you don't lose your work.

4. Types of Software

✔Software tells the computer what to do and is split into two types:

*System Software:- Runs the main system and coordinates the hardware, like Windows.

*Application Software:- Helps you do specific tasks, like MS Paint for drawing, or MS Word for typing.

5. Features and Rules

*Features:- Computers are fast, accurate, can store lots of data, and never get tired.

*Lab Rules:- Do not run or eat in the computer room, press the keys gently, and always shut down the system properly through the start menu